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Mauritius background history begins in 1507 when the Mauritius Island was discovered by the Portuguese Pedro Mascarenhas. Till then, it was still uninhabited but then, in 1598, the van Warwick admiral occupied the island which became Dutch colony and stand so till 1710, having the name of the Orania Mauriciu principle. Between 1715 and 1810 the island becomes French colony-Ile de France and serves as an important hop in the way to Ceylon and India. The Mauritius background history continues in 1810 with its occupation by the Great Britain and becomes, as the result of the Paris Treaty from 1814 English possession (renamed Mauritius). In 1810, on August 19 and 20 was the French naval battle of Grant Port ended with a victory, the only one in fact but in December 1810, the British captured Mauritius,
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with commodore Josias Rowley as leader. The island’s possession was confirmed in 1814 by the Paris Treaty. The Napoleonic law code and the French institutions were maintained while the French language was also used. The governor Robert Townsend Farquhar is the one with which the British administration begun. The economic and social changes followed immediately.
A very important even of the Mauritius background history was the slavery abolition, in February 1st, 1835. The people owning plantations got 2 million pounds sterling compensations for the salves loss. After the slavery abolition, on the sugar cane plantations are brought workers from China and India.
At March 12, 1968, Mauritius declares its state freedom as dominion in Commonwealth and on March 12, 1992 it becomes republic.
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As result of the political stability, despite the internal life on ethno-confessional or historic communities, the country’s economy registered a continue progress, due to which, Mauritius is considered ‘the unique new industrialised state’ of the African continent.
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The Cassam Uteem president is also part of the Mauritius background history. He was elected in 1992 and then in 1997 and promoted politics of economy reorganization aiming at the industrial active branches diversification and the tourism’s stimulation. The legislative elections that took place in 2000 on September 11 were won by opposition, the alliance between MMM (the Mauritian Militant Movement) and the MSM (the Mauritian Socialist Movement). Sir Anerood Jugnauth, member of MMM, ex-premier in the 1982 and 1995 period becomes the chief of the government and Paul Berenger, president of MSM, vice-premier, becoming prime-minister three years later. The agreement was respected and Paul Berenger becomes the first prime-minister from the entire Mauritius background history that is not from India. The government continued the politics of high tech sector development in economy.
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In 2000, the coalition between Paul Berenger and Anerood Jugnauth was back on power with the new elections, with Anerood as prime-minister. After 3 years he retired assuming the president’s office and Paul Berenger filled the post of prime-minister. The 2005 elections were won by the Alliance Social coalition, Anerood remained president and Navin Ramgoolam prime-minister. Five years later, the general elections were won by L’Alliance de l’Avenir coalition with Navin as prime-minister.
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